Much
of what we know about human thought and behavior has emerged thanks to various
psychology theories. For example, behavioral theories demonstrated how
conditioning can be used to learn new information and behaviors. Psychology
students typically spend a great deal of time studying these different
theories. Some theories have fallen out of favor, while others remain widely
accepted, but all have contributed tremendously to our understanding of human
thought and behavior. By learning more about these theories, you can gain a
deeper and richer understanding of psychology's past, present and future.
·
Behavioral
Theories
·
Cognitive
Theories
·
Developmental
Theories
·
Humanist
Theories
·
Personality
Theories
·
Social
Psychology Theories
·
Learning
Theories
BEHAVIORAL
THEORIES
Behavioral
psychology, also known as behaviorism, is a theory of learning based upon the
idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Advocated by famous
psychologists such as John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner, behavioral theories
dominated psychology during the early half of the twentieth century. Today,
behavioral techniques are still widely used in therapeutic settings to help
clients learn new skills and behaviors.
- Classical Conditioning
- Operant Conditioning
COGNITIVE
THEORIES
Cognitive
theories of psychology are focused on internal states, such as motivation,
problem solving, decision-making, thinking, and attention.
- Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
- Theories of Intelligence
DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES
Theories
of development provide a framework for thinking about human growth,
development, and learning. If you have ever wondered about what motivates human
thought and behavior, understanding these theories can provide useful insight
into individuals and society.
- Freud's Theory of Psychosexual Development
- Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development
- Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
- Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
- Attachment Theory
HUMANIST
THEORIES
Humanistic
psychology theories began to grow in popularity during the 1950s. While earlier
theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems,
humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some
of the major humanist theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
- Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
PERSONALITY
THEORIES
Almost
everyday we describe and assess the personalities of the people around us.
Whether we realize it or not, these daily musings on how and why people behave
as they do are similar to what personality psychologists do. Personality
psychology looks at the patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behavior that make
a person unique. Some of the best known theories in psychology are devoted to
the subject of personality.
- Freud's Psychosexual Theory
- Erikson's Psychosocial Theory
- Trait Theory of Personality
- The "Big Five" Theory of Personality
- Murray's Psychogenic Needs Theory
- Neurotic Needs
- Defense Mechanisms
- Jung's Archetypes
SOCIAL
PSYCHOLOGY THEORIES
Social
psychology is focused on helping us understand and explain social behavior.
Social theories are generally centered on specific social phenomena, including
group behavior, prosocial behavior, social influence, love and much more.
- The Bystander Effect
- Conformity
- Obedience
- Leadership Theories
- Theories of Love
LEARNING
THEORIES
Learning
theories focus on how people learning and acquire new knowledge. This is an
interdisciplinary topic of interest that often draws upon information from
psychology, education, instructional design, and other areas.
- Kolb's Learning Styles
- VARK Learning Styles
- Jungian Learning Styles
- Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences
- Social Learning Theory
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